enaio personnel file: access rights concept and retention periods by document type
An enaio personnel file is only as robust as its access rights concept and its retention rules: who can see which register and which document type, who deputises for whom, what is logged and when each document type is deleted, you define all of this before setup.
AWP Consult develops both of these concepts as a certified enaio partner since 2006 together with the HR department, the works council and data protection, and implements them in enaio. How the personnel file with enaio is built and connected technically is described on a dedicated page, as are the basics of the digital personnel file. This page is only about access rights and retention periods.
- HR managementread
- Administrationedit
- Payroll accountingedit
- Managerno access
The key points in brief
The access rights concept of an enaio personnel file defines which role may read or edit which files, registers and document types, how deputising arrangements are granted on a time-limited basis and which accesses are logged in the audit trail.
Rights are assigned through roles, not through individual people. Views arise from three levels: register, document type and index data such as organisational unit or confidentiality level.
Art. 25(2) GDPR requires data protection by default: personal data must not, without the individual's intervention, be made accessible to an indefinite number of people. For the personnel file this means access only on a need-to-know basis.
Payslips, as accounting records, must be retained for eight years under § 147 AO, from the end of the calendar year. The payroll account under § 41(1) EStG until the end of the sixth calendar year after the last recorded wage payment.
Records of working time under § 16(2) ArbZG and § 17(1) MiLoG must be kept for at least two years. For many other documents there is no statutory period, and there your deletion concept decides.
A deletion rule always consists of a duration and a start event. In the enaio personnel file it is attached to the document type, enaio proposes the deletion once the period has expired, an authorised person confirms it, and a deletion log is archived.
What does the access rights concept of the enaio personnel file govern?
The access rights concept of the enaio personnel file governs four things: which roles exist, what view each role gets of files, registers and document types, how deputising is granted in a time-limited and traceable way, and which accesses are logged and how these logs may be evaluated.
An access rights concept is documented as a rights matrix, agreed with data protection and, in companies with a works council, is usually an annex to the works agreement. The guiding principle is the principle of minimal rights: each role receives exactly the access rights it needs for its task and nothing beyond that. This corresponds to Art. 5(1)(f) GDPR on confidentiality and Art. 32 GDPR on the security of processing. The overarching data protection rules for all files are described on our page on document management under GDPR.
Roles bundle tasks, such as HR administration, payroll accounting or manager. People are assigned to roles, never directly to documents.
Views arise from register, document type and index data. This way a manager sees only the approved document types of their own organisational unit.
Deputising is governed as a time-limited assignment to a role, with reason, start and end. Once it expires, the right lapses without manual intervention.
Logging records in the audit trail who opened or changed which file and when. Who may evaluate the logs and when is set out in the concept.
Not sure where to start? We will assess your situation.
Which roles does the enaio personnel file need?
In most companies the enaio personnel file needs six to eight roles: HR administration, HR management, payroll accounting, manager, works council, data protection and IT administration, plus the employees themselves with their right of inspection. What matters is not the number of roles but that each has a clear boundary. The following matrix is an example concept, not a fixed standard.
| Role | Typical view | Typical rights | Boundary |
|---|---|---|---|
| HR administration | Complete files of their own area of responsibility | Filing, indexing, editing, proposing deletion | Health register only if the task requires it |
| HR management | All files, all registers except Health | Reading, approvals, confirming deletions | Health data only within the named group of people |
| Payroll accounting | Pay register and key contractual data | Reading, filing payslips | No appraisals, no measures |
| Manager | Approved document types of their own team | Reading, contributing to workflows | No pay or health documents |
| Works council | Only what law and the works agreement provide for | Reading to the defined extent | Inspection of a file only with the will of the employee under § 83 BetrVG |
| Data protection | Rights matrix, logs, deletion records | Checking in the defined procedure | No ongoing inspection of file contents |
| IT administration | Technical configuration | Maintaining roles and groups | No read access to document contents |
Example concept, not legal advice. Employees usually do not see their payslips in enaio but through the digital salary portal.
Three principles for every rights matrix
We check every matrix against these three rules before it is set up in enaio.
Roles instead of people
Anyone who changes department changes role. A right attached directly to a person is easily forgotten on a change and remains in place.
Separation of duties
Whoever manages roles technically does not need read access to contents. Whoever proposes deletions should not confirm them alone.
Narrowest group for Art. 9
Health data counts among the special categories under Art. 9 GDPR. It is held in a separate register with a named group of people.
How does the enaio personnel file implement views, deputising and logging?
The enaio personnel file implements views through rights to registers and document types and through index data, deputising through time-limited role assignments, and logging through an audit trail whose evaluation the concept governs. Six building blocks decide whether the authorisation concept holds up in everyday use.
We go through your roles, registers and document types with the HR department, the works council and data protection and show the views live in enaio.
Request a workshop +49 6104 94738-1301
Views through registers and document types
The coarsest level is the file, the finest the document type. A right only to whole files almost always leads to a dilemma: either the manager also sees pay and health, or sees nothing at all. That is why we assign rights to registers and, where necessary, to individual document types within a register.
An example: in the Qualification register the manager sees training records and certificates, but the appraisal from the staff review only if the concept provides for it. Who sees which document types is set out in the rights matrix and can be verified in enaio with test users per role.
- File whether a role can find a person at all
- Register which subject areas it can open
- Document type which documents it sees within the register
Start with a few registers and refine via document types. Too many registers make the file confusing without making the rights more precise.
02
Views through index data
The second axis is index data on the file. Organisational unit and cost centre come from the payroll or HR system. If the manager's right is attached to the organisational unit, they automatically see the files of their team, and after a change of department the view follows the new master record.
A confidentiality level as an index field additionally separates off files with a special need for protection, such as the files of the management or of the HR department itself. These files are then handled only by a small, named group.
- Organisational unit controls the manager's team view
- Location or company separates the HR department's areas of responsibility
- Confidentiality level protects files with a special need for protection
Maintain organisational units only in the payroll system. If the same field is maintained in two systems, incorrect rights arise precisely there.
03
Deputising arrangement with reason and expiry date
Deputising is the most common cause of gradually growing rights. A colleague takes over someone's area of responsibility for three weeks, is given the rights and keeps them because no one thinks of the end. A clean deputising arrangement therefore describes the reason, scope, start and end and who approves the deputising.
In the access rights concept, deputising is represented as a time-limited assignment to the role being covered, not as an extension of one's own role. A separate rule applies to health data: here deputising takes place only within the named group of people. For approvals in HR workflows the deputising is defined in the workflow itself, so that tasks do not stall.
- Reasonholiday, illness, parental leave, project phase
- Scoperole and area of responsibility, never more
- End fixed date, after which the right lapses
Have deputising arrangements approved by HR management and check once a quarter whether all time-limited assignments have really ended.
04
Logging in the audit trail
The audit trail records who opened, changed or deleted which file or document and when. It is the tool with which you demonstrate, under Art. 5(2) GDPR, that accesses comply with the concept, and with which you clear up a suspicion of unauthorised access.
At the same time, log data is itself personal data of the employees working in the HR department. Where a works council exists, its evaluation is therefore part of co-determination under § 87(1) no. 6 BetrVG. The concept governs for what reason logs are evaluated, who may do so, how the evaluation is documented and how long the logs themselves are kept.
- Reason-basedevaluation only on concrete suspicion or a request for information
- Four-eyes principledata protection and the works council are involved
- Retention a separate period for log data in the deletion concept
Write into the works agreement that logs are not evaluated for performance monitoring. This speeds up approval considerably.
05
Regular recertification of rights
Even a good concept becomes outdated: roles are filled anew, teams are restructured, projects end. In a recertification, those responsible confirm at fixed intervals that each role assignment is still needed. What is not confirmed is withdrawn.
The basis is a list of all people per role, which can be derived from group administration. HR management checks the HR roles, the division heads their managers, data protection documents the result. The aim corresponds to the BSI module ORP.4 on identity and access management: access only to the resources a task requires.
Tie the recertification to a fixed date in the year, for example to the review of the deletion proposals. That way it does not remain a one-off project.
06
Rights also for AI functions and exports
Every route out of the file needs the same boundaries as the file itself. enaio lumee answers questions about documents and takes the access rights into account: a document a role is not allowed to see does not flow into the answer. Whether AI functions are used in the personnel file at all, and for which roles, you nevertheless define explicitly.
The same applies to exports, for example for a request under Art. 15 GDPR or for the tax adviser. Who may export, to whom and to what extent belongs in the rights matrix. Browser access via the enaio webclient follows the same rights as the client.
Include AI functions and exports as separate rows in the rights matrix. Then they are part of the agreement and not an open question later.
How does deputising work in the enaio personnel file?
Deputising in the enaio personnel file runs in five steps: it is requested with a reason and period, approved by HR management, activated as a time-limited role assignment, logged during its term and ended at the defined end without manual intervention. Using the example of a three-week holiday cover in HR administration, it looks like this.
01
Request
The administrator names her deputy, the area of responsibility and the period. The reason is holiday.
02
Approval
HR management checks whether the scope and period fit, and approves the deputising. Health data remains excluded if the deputy does not belong to the named group of people.
03
Activation
The deputy is assigned to the role for the area of responsibility on a time-limited basis. Their own role remains unchanged.
04
Term
All accesses go into the audit trail as usual. Open workflow tasks reach the deputy so that approvals do not stall.
05
End
With the end date the assignment lapses. The recertification later checks that no time-limited assignment has been left over.
How tasks and approvals are planned in processes is described on our page on workflow management.
Discuss deputisingWe show an enaio personnel file with roles, views and deletion rules and match it against your document types.
- Rights matrix with test users per role
- Retention catalogue by document type
- Deletion proposal and deletion log live
Which retention periods apply by document type?
Retention periods do not apply to the personnel file as a whole but by document type: payslips as accounting records for eight years under § 147 AO, the payroll account until the end of the sixth calendar year after the last wage payment, working-time records for at least two years. For many other documents there is no fixed period. That is why every document type needs its own rule with a start event.
| Document type | Start event | Duration and basis | Rule in enaio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Payslip as an accounting record | End of the calendar year in which it was created | Eight years under § 147(1) no. 4, (3) and (4) AO. No expiry as long as the assessment period for a tax for which it is relevant is still running | Deletion proposal after the period expires |
| Payroll account | Year of the last recorded wage payment | Until the end of the sixth following calendar year under § 41(1) EStG | Deletion proposal, start date from the payroll system |
| Records of working time exceeding eight hours per working day | Creation of the record | At least two years under § 16(2) ArbZG | Deletion proposal after the minimum period and a check |
| Working-time records under the Minimum Wage Act | Time of recording | At least two years under § 17(1) MiLoG, for mini-jobs and sectors under § 2a SchwarzArbG | Deletion proposal after the minimum period and a check |
| Application documents of rejected candidates | Receipt of the rejection | No statutory period. Guidance: two months for claims under § 15(4) AGG, then three months for an action under § 61b ArbGG | Deletion proposal a few months after the rejection |
| Note on the extended certificate of good conduct in child and youth welfare | Last performance of the activity | Delete at the latest six months afterwards, under § 72a(5) SGB VIII | Deletion proposal with start date end of activity |
| Warning | Filing | No fixed period, reviewed case by case | Follow-up reminder instead of automatic deletion |
| Contract and contract amendments | Departure | No uniform period. What matters are possible claims and their limitation | Period per the deletion concept from the departure date |
Overview without any claim to completeness, not legal advice. You agree the duration per document type with your tax adviser, data protection and, where applicable, employment law. Basics on further documents can be found at the digital personnel file, rules for providers in the social economy under DMS for the social sector.
How does deletion work in the enaio personnel file?
Deletion in the enaio personnel file runs on a rule basis: once the period of a document type has expired from its start event, enaio proposes the deletion, an authorised person checks for reasons not to proceed and confirms, and a deletion log is archived in an audit-proof way. Nothing is deleted without someone having confirmed it.
The check before confirmation is the step most often missing in practice. If a legal dispute, a tax audit or a request for information is ongoing, the documents concerned must not be deleted. Art. 17(3) GDPR exempts data from the obligation to delete as long as it is necessary for compliance with a legal obligation or for the defence of legal claims. For accounting records, § 147(3) AO provides that the period does not expire as long as the documents are relevant to a tax whose assessment period has not yet ended. Such cases are marked with a deletion block that is only lifted once the reason has ceased to apply.
The terms and procedures behind this are described by guidelines such as DIN 66398 and ISO/IEC 27555. Our detailed page on the deletion concept in the DMS shows how to form deletion classes.
Deletion proposal arises automatically when the duration and start event of a document type are reached
Check for deletion blocks due to a legal dispute, a tax audit or an ongoing request for information
Confirmation by an authorised role, in the early days ideally under the four-eyes principle
Deletion log records the document type, file, rule and date, without the deleted content
Do you have a specific question about your case?
Which mistakes happen most often with the access rights and retention concept?
The most common mistakes in the access rights and retention concept of an enaio personnel file are rights attached to people instead of roles, open-ended deputising, an ungoverned evaluation of logs, a blanket period for the whole file, periods without a start event and deletions without a check for blocks. All six can be avoided in the concept.
01
Assigning rights directly to people
- Consequence
- After departmental changes, employees keep old rights, and no one has an overview.
- Better
- Assign rights only through roles and assign people to roles.
02
Deputising without an end date
- Consequence
- Rights grow gradually, files are read by people who no longer have a task involving them.
- Better
- Create every deputising with a reason, end and approval and review it quarterly.
03
Logs without an evaluation rule
- Consequence
- The works council refuses or blocks because performance monitoring appears possible.
- Better
- Define the reason, authorised persons and procedure for evaluation in the works agreement.
04
One period for the whole file
- Consequence
- Either deletion happens too early or retention is far too long, both are open to challenge.
- Better
- Create a retention catalogue by document type with duration, start event and basis.
05
Periods without a start event
- Consequence
- Deletion proposals never come because the date from which the period runs is missing.
- Better
- Take departure, rejection and end-of-activity dates from the payroll or applicant system.
06
Deleting without a check for blocks
- Consequence
- Documents for an ongoing legal dispute or a tax audit are missing.
- Better
- Check deletion blocks before every confirmation and mark the documents concerned.
We will show you how this looks with enaio at your organisation.
Arrange an appointment +49 6104 94738-13Checklist: access rights concept and retention periods before go-live
With this checklist you check whether the access rights concept and retention catalogue of the enaio personnel file are complete before the first real file is taken over.
01
Roles and views
- A role list with a task and boundary per role is in place
- Rights to registers and document types are documented in the rights matrix
- Organisational unit and confidentiality level control the view
- Register for health data with a named group of people
- IT administration without read access to contents
- Test users per role have checked the views
02
Deputising and logging
- Deputising arrangement with reason, scope, end and approval
- Deputising in workflows governed for open tasks
- Audit trail active, logged events defined
- Evaluation of logs only reason-based and documented
- Retention duration of the log data in the deletion concept
- Date for the annual recertification is set
03
Retention periods and deletion
- Retention catalogue with duration, start event and basis per document type
- Start events come as index data from the payroll system
- Follow-up reminder instead of deletion for warnings and individual cases
- Procedure for deletion blocks in a legal dispute and an audit
- Confirmation of deletion by an authorised role
- Deletion logs are archived
How do the access rights concept and retention catalogue come about in the project?
The access rights concept and retention catalogue come about in four steps: taking stock of the roles and document types, drafting the rights matrix and retention catalogue, agreeing with the works council and data protection, and finally a test with test users per role before the configuration is accepted. The setup itself is described on the page personnel file with enaio.
01
Taking stock
We record roles, areas of responsibility, deputising arrangements and all document types of the current file, including those from secondary filing.
02
Drafting
A rights matrix with views per role and a retention catalogue with duration, start event and basis per document type.
03
Agreement
The works council and data protection review the matrix, the log evaluation and the deletion rules. The result becomes an annex to the works agreement.
04
Test and acceptance
Test users per role check every view in enaio, deletion proposals are run through on test files.
More on this: enaio implementation and enaio workflow
We go through your document types and define with you the duration, start event and deletion rule per document type in enaio.
Frequently asked questions about the enaio personnel file
Your question about access rights or retention periods in the enaio personnel file is not here? Call us or write to us, we answer personally.
We discuss roles, deputising, logs and retention periods against your document types.
Request consultation +49 6104 94738-13Who may see which documents in the enaio personnel file?
That is defined by the access rights concept. HR administration works with the complete files of its area of responsibility, payroll accounting with the Pay register, managers see only approved document types of their team. Health data is held in a separate register with a named group of people, and IT administration has no read access to contents.
Which document management system supports GDPR-compliant rights management for personnel files?
What matters is whether rights can be assigned through roles to registers and document types, whether index data such as the organisational unit controls views and whether accesses are logged. enaio offers these means. Whether the rights management is GDPR-compliant in the end is decided by the configuration, which is why we agree the rights matrix with your data protection in advance.
How is deputising governed in the enaio personnel file?
As a time-limited assignment to the role being covered, with reason, scope, start and end. HR management approves the deputising, and after the end date the right lapses. For health data, deputising takes place only within the named group of people, and for workflow tasks the deputising is defined in the workflow.
What is logged in the audit trail and who may evaluate it?
The audit trail records who opened, changed or deleted which file or document and when. Who may evaluate the logs and for what reason you define in the concept, and where a works council exists, in the works agreement. A reason-based evaluation with the involvement of data protection and the works council is customary.
Which solutions support GDPR deletion periods in the personnel file automatically?
Document management systems such as enaio, in which every document type carries a retention rule consisting of a duration and a start event. Once the period has expired, the system proposes the deletion, an authorised person confirms it, and a deletion log is archived. Automatic does not mean uncontrolled here: deletion blocks for ongoing proceedings are checked before confirmation.
Which retention periods does the enaio personnel file map?
Every period you define in the retention catalogue, as a rule on the document type. Typical examples are eight years for payslips as accounting records under § 147 AO, the payroll account under § 41 EStG and at least two years for working-time records under § 16 ArbZG or § 17 MiLoG. For documents without a statutory period you store the duration from your deletion concept.
When does a deletion period start in the personnel file?
From the start event that applies to the document type. For accounting records this is the end of the calendar year in which they arose, for the payroll account the year of the last wage payment, for applications the receipt of the rejection and for many contractual documents the departure. The start date comes as index data from the payroll or applicant system.
Is deletion automatic in the enaio personnel file?
enaio proposes the deletion as soon as a period has expired. Deletion only happens once an authorised person has confirmed it. For warnings and other individual cases without a fixed period we set up a follow-up reminder instead of a deletion, so that a decision is made case by case.
What happens to documents that must not be deleted because of a legal dispute?
They receive a deletion block. Art. 17(3) GDPR exempts data from the obligation to delete as long as it is necessary for the defence of legal claims. The block is checked before every confirmation and only lifted once the reason has ceased to apply. After that the regular deletion rule takes effect.
May the works council inspect the personnel file?
Not across the board. Under § 83 BetrVG an employee may bring in a works council member when inspecting their own file. The works council receives further views only insofar as law and the works agreement provide for it. On the introduction and on the evaluation of logs it has co-determination under § 87(1) no. 6 BetrVG.
How often should access rights be reviewed?
A recertification once a year and a review of the time-limited deputising arrangements once a quarter have proven effective. HR management confirms the HR roles, the division heads their managers. What is not confirmed is withdrawn, and data protection documents the result.
What does the effort for the access rights and retention concept depend on?
Above all on the number of roles and areas of responsibility, the number of document types, the systems from which start events come, and whether a works agreement is being renegotiated. You receive a concrete quote after a short conversation via our contact form.
Which terms about access rights and retention periods should you know?
The most important terms from the access rights concept and deletion concept, briefly explained.
- Rights matrix
- A table that records, for each role, which files, registers and document types it may read or edit. It is usually an annex to the works agreement.
- Role
- A bundle of rights for a task, such as payroll accounting. People are assigned to roles, not to individual documents.
- View
- The section of the file that a role sees. It arises from register, document type and index data.
- Principle of minimal rights
- Each role receives only the rights it needs for its task. In English, need-to-know or least privilege.
- Deputising arrangement
- A definition of who deputises for whom, to what extent and until when. In the personnel file always time-limited.
- Audit trail
- A complete record of accesses: which person opened, changed or deleted a personnel file or an individual document at what time.
- Recertification
- Regular confirmation that each role assignment is still needed. What is not confirmed is withdrawn.
- Start event
- The date from which a period runs, such as the end of the calendar year, departure, rejection or end of activity.
- Deletion block
- A marker that suspends a due deletion while a legal dispute, an audit or a request for information is ongoing.
- Deletion log
- A record of which document was deleted according to which rule and when, without the deleted content.
Not sure where to start? We will assess your situation.
Sources and legal bases
The information on retention periods, data protection and access management is based on these sources. Status of review: October 2026.
- § 147 AO Retention of accounting records, start of the period and suspension of expiry
- § 41 EStG Payroll account, retention under subsection 1
- § 16 ArbZG Working-time records, at least two years
- § 17 MiLoG Recording of working time, at least two years
- § 72a SGB VIII Data from the certificate of good conduct, deletion under subsection 5
- General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679 Official full text, including Art. 5, 9, 17, 25 and 32
- BSI IT-Grundschutz ORP.4 Identity and access management
Further topics
Access rights and retention periods before the first file goes live
We develop the rights matrix and retention catalogue for the enaio personnel file with you and implement both in enaio.
- In person in Dietzenbach or online
- With the HR department, works council and data protection
- Result: an agreed rights matrix and retention catalogue